Embonini ye-photovoltaic, i-perovskite ibilokhu ifunwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Isizathu sokuthi kungani kuvele "njengentandokazi" emkhakheni wamaseli elanga ngenxa yezimo zayo eziyingqayizivele. I-calcium titanium ore inezinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ze-photovoltaic, inqubo elula yokulungiselela, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe nokuqukethwe okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-perovskite ingasetshenziswa nasezitshalweni zamandla angaphansi komhlaba, izindiza, ukwakhiwa, amadivaysi okukhiqiza amandla agqoke kanye nezinye izinkambu eziningi.
NgoMashi 21, i-Ningde Times yafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi “le-calcium titanite solar cell kanye nendlela yalo yokulungiselela kanye nedivayisi yamandla”. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo zasekhaya, imboni ye-calcium-titanium ore, emelwe amaseli elanga e-calcium-titanium ore, iye yenza intuthuko enkulu. Ngakho-ke yini i-perovskite? Injani i-industrialization ye-perovskite? Yiziphi izinselele osabhekene nazo? Intatheli yeScience and Technology Daily ixoxisane nongoti abathintekayo.
I-Perovskite ayiyona i-calcium noma i-titanium.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-perovskites akuyona i-calcium noma i-titanium, kodwa igama elijwayelekile lesigaba "se-ceramic oxides" enesakhiwo esifanayo se-crystal, ne-molecular formula ABX3. U-A umelela “i-radius cation enkulu”, u-B osho “i-metal cation” kanye no-X osho “i-halogen anion”. U-A umelela “i-radius cation enkulu”, u-B umelela “i-metal cation” kanti u-X umele “i-halogen anion”. Lawa ma-ion amathathu angabonisa izici ezibonakalayo eziningi ezimangalisayo ngohlelo lwezakhi ezihlukene noma ngokulungisa ibanga phakathi kwazo, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngokufakwa ngaphakathi, i-ferroelectricity, i-antiferromagnetism, i-giant magnetic effect, njll.
"Ngokokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ama-perovskites angahlukaniswa cishe abe izigaba ezintathu: i-metal oxide perovskites eyinkimbinkimbi, i-organic hybrid perovskites, kanye ne-inorganic halogenated perovskites." U-Luo Jingshan, uprofesa e-Nankai University's School of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, wethula ukuthi ama-titanite e-calcium manje asetshenziswa kuma-photovoltaics ngokuvamile yilawo amabili okugcina.
i-perovskite ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi efana nezitshalo zamandla asemhlabeni, i-aerospace, ukwakhiwa, kanye namadivayisi okukhiqiza amandla agqokekayo. Phakathi kwabo, insimu ye-photovoltaic iyindawo eyinhloko yesicelo se-perovskite. Izakhiwo ze-calcium titanite ziklanywe kakhulu futhi zinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-photovoltaic, okuyindlela yokucwaninga ethandwayo emkhakheni we-photovoltaic eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ze-perovskite kuyashesha, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya ayaqhudelana ngesakhiwo. Kubikwa ukuthi izingcezu zokuqala ezingu-5,000 zamamojula e-calcium titanium ore zithunyelwa zisuka e-Hangzhou Fina Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd; I-Renshuo Photovoltaic (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. futhi isheshisa ukwakhiwa kolayini wokuhlola we-calcium titanium ore laminated omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ongu-150 MW; I-Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Materials Co. Ltd. Umugqa wokukhiqiza wemojula ye-calcium-titanium ore photovoltaic engu-150 MW usuqediwe futhi waqala ukusebenza ngo-December 2022, futhi inani lonyaka lokukhiphayo lingafinyelela kumayuan ayizigidi ezingu-300 ngemva kokufinyelela ekukhiqizeni.
I-calcium titanium ore inezinzuzo ezisobala embonini ye-photovoltaic
Embonini ye-photovoltaic, i-perovskite ibilokhu ifunwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Isizathu sokuthi kungani kuvele "njengentandokazi" emkhakheni wamaseli elanga kungenxa yezimo zayo eziyingqayizivele.
“Okokuqala, i-perovskite inezinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ze-optoelectronic, njengegebe lebhendi eliguquguqukayo, i-coefficient yokumuncwa okuphezulu, amandla okubopha i-exciton aphansi, ukuhamba kwenkampani yenethiwekhi ephezulu, ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha, njll.; okwesibili, inqubo yokulungiselela i-perovskite ilula futhi ingafinyelela ukuguquguquka, ukukhanya kwe-ultra-lightness, i-ultra-thinness, ukuguquguquka, njll. Okokugcina, izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-perovskite zitholakala kabanzi futhi ziningi. " U-Luo Jingshan wethulwa. Futhi ukulungiswa kwe-perovskite nakho kudinga ukuhlanzeka okuphansi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Njengamanje, insimu ye-PV isebenzisa inombolo enkulu yamaseli elanga asekelwe ku-silicon, angahlukaniswa abe yi-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline silicon, namaseli elanga elanga e-amorphous silicon. I-theoretical photoelectric conversion pole yamaseli e-crystalline silicon yi-29.4%, futhi imvelo yamanje yelabhorethri ingafinyelela ku-26.7% ephezulu, eseduze kakhulu nophahla lokuguqulwa; kuyabonakala ukuthi inzuzo encane yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nayo izoba yincane futhi ibe yincane. Ngokuphambene, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic kwamaseli e-perovskite kunenani eliphakeme le-pole ye-theoretical engu-33%, futhi uma amaseli e-perovskite amabili ehlanganiswe phezulu naphansi ndawonye, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwethiyori kungafinyelela ku-45%.
Ngaphezu "kokusebenza kahle", esinye isici esibalulekile "izindleko". Isibonelo, isizathu sokuthi kungani izindleko zesizukulwane sokuqala samabhethri amancane efilimu zingakwazi ukwehla ukuthi izinqolobane ze-cadmium ne-gallium, okuyizinto ezingavamile emhlabeni, zincane kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imboni ithuthuke kakhulu. ukuthi, uma kunesidingo esikhulu, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu, futhi ayikaze ikwazi ukuba umkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-perovskite zisakazwa ngobuningi emhlabeni, futhi intengo nayo ishibhile kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugqinsi lwensimbi ye-calcium-titanium ore yamabhethri e-calcium-titanium ore ngamakhulu ambalwa kuphela ama-nanometers, cishe u-1/500th walowo wama-silicon wafers, okusho ukuthi isidingo sezinto ezibonakalayo sincane kakhulu. Isibonelo, isidingo samanje somhlaba wonke sezinto ze-silicon zamaseli e-silicon e-crystalline cishe amathani angu-500,000 ngonyaka, futhi uma wonke eshintshwa ngamaseli e-perovskite, cishe amathani ayi-1,000 kuphela e-perovskite azodingeka.
Mayelana nezindleko zokukhiqiza, amangqamuzana e-silicon e-crystalline adinga ukuhlanzwa kwe-silicon ku-99.9999%, ngakho-ke i-silicon kufanele ifudunyezwe ibe yi-1400 degrees Celsius, inyibilikiswe ibe uketshezi, idonswe ezindongeni eziyindilinga nezingcezu, bese ihlanganiswa emangqamuzaneni, okungenani abe nezimboni ezine nezimbili. kuya ezinsukwini ezintathu phakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-perovskite, kudingekile kuphela ukusebenzisa uketshezi lwesisekelo se-perovskite ku-substrate bese ulinda i-crystallization. Yonke le nqubo ihilela kuphela ingilazi, ifilimu yokunamathisela, i-perovskite nezinto zamakhemikhali, futhi ingaqedwa efektri eyodwa, futhi yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu engama-45 kuphela.
"Amaseli elanga alungiselelwe kusuka ku-perovskite asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni i-photoelectric, esefinyelele ku-25.7% kulesi sigaba, futhi angase athathe indawo yamaseli elanga asekelwe ku-silicon esikhathini esizayo ukuze abe yizohwebo." Kusho uLuo Jingshan.
Kunezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu ezidinga ukuxazululwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusungulwa kwezimboni
Ekuthuthukiseni imboni ye-chalcocite, abantu basadinga ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-3, okungukuthi ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwe-chalcocite, ukulungiswa kwendawo enkulu kanye nobuthi bomthofu.
Okokuqala, i-perovskite izwela kakhulu emvelweni, futhi izici ezifana nokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, nomthwalo wesifunda kungabangela ukubola kwe-perovskite nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli. Njengamanje amamojula amaningi e-perovskite elabhorethri awahlangabezani ne-IEC 61215 indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic, futhi ayifinyeleli iminyaka engu-10-20 yokuphila kwamaseli elanga e-silicon, ngakho-ke izindleko ze-perovskite azikazuzisi ensimini yendabuko ye-photovoltaic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuwohloka kwe-perovskite kanye namadivayisi ayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi akukho ukuqonda okucacile kwenqubo emkhakheni, futhi ayikho indinganiso yobuningi obuhlangene, elimaza ucwaningo lokuzinza.
Enye inkinga enkulu iwukuthi zingalungiswa kanjani ngezinga elikhulu. Njengamanje, lapho kwenziwa izifundo zokuthuthukisa idivayisi elabhorethri, indawo yokukhanya esebenzayo yamadivayisi asetshenziswayo ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-1 cm2, futhi uma kuziwa esigabeni sokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano sezingxenye ezinkulu, izindlela zokulungiselela ilabhorethri zidinga ukuthuthukiswa. noma kushintshwe. Izindlela eziyinhloko okwamanje ezisebenzayo ekulungiseleleni amafilimu e-perovskite yendawo enkulu yindlela yokuxazulula kanye nendlela yokuphuma kwe-vacuum. Endleleni yesixazululo, ukugxila kanye nesilinganiso sesixazululo se-precursor, uhlobo lwe-solvent, nesikhathi sokugcina sinomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yamafilimu e-perovskite. Indlela ye-vacuum evaporation ilungiselela ikhwalithi enhle kanye nokubekwa okulawulwayo kwamafilimu e-perovskite, kodwa kuphinde kube nzima ukuthola ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwama-precursors nama-substrates. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwezokuthutha olushaja lwedivayisi ye-perovskite nalo ludinga ukulungiswa endaweni enkulu, umugqa wokukhiqiza onokufaka okuqhubekayo kwesendlalelo ngasinye udinga ukusungulwa ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Sekukonke, inqubo yokulungiswa kwendawo enkulu yamafilimu amancanyana e-perovskite isadinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe.
Okokugcina, ubuthi bomthofu nakho kuyindaba ekhathazayo. Phakathi nenqubo yokuguga yamadivayisi amanje we-perovskite asebenza kahle kakhulu, i-perovskite izobola ukuze ikhiqize ama-ion aholayo mahhala kanye nama-monomers okuhola, okuzoba yingozi empilweni uma ingena emzimbeni womuntu.
U-Luo Jingshan ukholelwa ukuthi izinkinga ezinjengokuqina zingaxazululwa ngokupakishwa kwedivayisi. "Uma esikhathini esizayo, lezi zinkinga ezimbili zixazululwa, kukhona nenqubo yokulungiselela evuthiwe, ingakwazi futhi ukwenza amadivaysi e-perovskite abe ingilazi ekhanyayo noma enze phezu kwezakhiwo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-photovoltaic, noma kwenziwe kumadivayisi aguquguqukayo aguquguqukayo we-aerospace kanye nezinye izinkambu, ukuze i-perovskite emkhathini ngaphandle kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo ibambe iqhaza elikhulu. " U-Luo Jingshan uyazethemba ngekusasa le-perovskite.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2023